a(CHEBI:glucose)
Nicotinic neuroprotection against non-Abeta toxicity is also mediated largely through alpha7 nAChRs. alpha7 nAChRs protect PC12 cells against ethanol toxicity (Li et al., 1999a) and from cell death associated with serum depletion (Ren et al., 2005); they protect cultured neurons against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity (Kaneko et al., 1997) and hippocampal slices against oxygen and glucose deprivation (Egea et al., 2007) through the activation of alpha7 nAChRs (Rosa et al., 2006). PubMed:19293145
In addition, the transport of GLUT1-mediated glucose into the brain is also beneficial to maintaining the integrity of the BBB, thereby ensuring the normal transport of Aβ from brain into blood (Winkler et al. 2015) PubMed:29626319
We recently discovered that the human brain tau is also modified by O-GlcNAcylation in addition to phosphorylation and that O-GlcNAcylation modulates phosphorylation of tau inversely (Liu et al.,2004a). We found that fasting induced a time-dependent decrease in tau O-GlcNAcylation and concurrent hyperphosphorylation of tau at most of the phosphorylation sites studied. PubMed:16630055
The release of epinephrine stimulates the body and causes a sudden release of glucose as well as an increase in blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate PubMed:28391535
A higher glucose requirement is covered, then, by increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis [37, 118]. PubMed:29956069
A higher glucose requirement is covered, then, by increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis [37, 118]. PubMed:29956069
Inclusion of glucose increased the rate of Prx-2 reduction for both day 7 and 35 RBC compared with the reaction without glucose (compare to Fig. 1). PubMed:25264713
Without sufficient glucose supply, red blood cells will starve and perish and cytoplasmic components will release. Hemolysis will be the consequence [120]. PubMed:29956069
Recently, our own collaboration could show that moderate glucose supply reduces hemolysis in rats treated with LPS to induce systemic inflammation [121]. PubMed:29956069
Primary hippocampal neuron cells at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 lg/ml) of glucose–BSA were incubated together for 24 h, and then thr205- phosphorylated tau was estimated by the western immunoblotting method. Western blot analysis of each experimental group showed that glucose–BSA promoted tau thr205-phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 3(a)). In the present study, it was also shown that 100 nM GLP-1 or Ex-4 treatment reduced tau hyperphosphorylation induced by glucose–BSA (Fig. 3(b, c)). PubMed:24183963
Western blot analysis of different experimental groups, primary hippocampal neuron cells concurrent treatment with different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 lg/ml) of glucose–BSA for 24 h, also showed that glucose–BSA inhibited the phosphorylation of GSK-3b in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 4(a)). And 100 nM GLP-1 or Ex-4 can up-regulate phosphorylation of GSK-3b at Ser9, which was decreased by treatment with glucose–BSA (Fig. 4(b, c)). PubMed:24183963
We recently discovered that the human brain tau is also modified by O-GlcNAcylation in addition to phosphorylation and that O-GlcNAcylation modulates phosphorylation of tau inversely (Liu et al.,2004a). We found that fasting induced a time-dependent decrease in tau O-GlcNAcylation and concurrent hyperphosphorylation of tau at most of the phosphorylation sites studied. PubMed:16630055
Inclusion of glucose increased the rate of Prx-2 reduction for both day 7 and 35 RBC compared with the reaction without glucose (compare to Fig. 1). PubMed:25264713
Without sufficient glucose supply, red blood cells will starve and perish and cytoplasmic components will release. Hemolysis will be the consequence [120]. PubMed:29956069
Recently, our own collaboration could show that moderate glucose supply reduces hemolysis in rats treated with LPS to induce systemic inflammation [121]. PubMed:29956069
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