bp(GO:"endothelial cell activation")
Heme activates neutrophils and endothelial cells, by ROS generation. PubMed:24904418
Because nitric oxide is known to prevent activation of endothelial cells and platelets, this nitric oxide deficiency promotes cellular activation. PubMed:28458720
Heme activates endothelial cells inducing the expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), E-selectin, Pselectin, and von Willebrand factor (VWF; Wagener et al., 1997; Belcher et al., 2014) and causes neutrophil migration (GraçaSouza et al., 2002; Porto et al., 2007). PubMed:24904418
Heme is one of the factors capable of inducing stimulation and damage of endothelium, promoting the recruitment of neutrophils and sickle-cell erythro- cytes, and subsequently prompting a vaso-occlusive crisis. PubMed:26875449
Increased plasma concentrations of cell-free heme, the breakdown product of 390 hemoglobin, promote activation and inflammation of endothelial cells and enhance 391 oxidative stress and vascular permeability (22). PubMed:28314763
Free heme upregulates heme oxygenase activity, generates reactive oxygen species, and activates endothelial cells and macrophages directly[65]. PubMed:28458720
Free hemin is a cytotoxic molecule that mediates oxidative stress, endothelial activation, and inflammation, and it is implicated in malaria pathogenesis [40] and AKI, among others [41]. PubMed:28716864
Finally, the cytokines produced through these pathways can then affect endothelial activation, leucocyte recruitment, and ultimately thrombotic risk. PubMed:25307023
Similarly to heme, ferrylHb activates endothelial cells through NFκB activation (Silva et al., 2009). PubMed:24904418
Extracellular hemoglobin sequesters NO and thus promotes activation of endothelial cells and adhesion/aggregation of platelets [64]. PubMed:28458720
Finally, the cytokines produced through these pathways can then affect endothelial activation, leucocyte recruitment, and ultimately thrombotic risk. PubMed:25307023
In addition to cell-free Hb, membrane structural modification, externalization of phosphatidylserine,21 decreased cell membrane deformability,22,23 and increased endothelial adherence24 could alter vascular NO homeostasis. PubMed:27308950
Free hemin is a cytotoxic molecule that mediates oxidative stress, endothelial activation, and inflammation, and it is implicated in malaria pathogenesis [40] and AKI, among others [41]. PubMed:28716864
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If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.