Chronic Brain hypoperfusion (CBH) elevates nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), which binds with the promoter sequences of miR-195 and negatively regulates its expression. Down-regulated miR-195 up-regulates APP and BACE1 and increases Aß levels. Some Aß then enter the intracellular space and activate calpain, promoting the conversion of Cdk5/p35 to Cdk5/p25 and catalyzes the degradation of IkB (inhibitor of NF-?B)and directly phosphorylates Tau. Down-regulated miR-195 up-regulates p35, which provides the active substrates of p25
The accumulation of p25 involves neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation via regulation of tau phosphorylation (Wen et al. 2007; Su and Tsai 2011)
We observed that 2VO leads to tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser202/Thr205, Ser262, Thr231, and Ser422 and to the conversion from cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)/p35 to Cdk5/p25 in rat hippocampi.
A dual luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-195 bound to the Cdk5r1 gene, which encodes p35 protein, in the 3'UTR and inhibited p35 expression.
Endogenous miR-195 was knocked down using over-expression of its antisense molecule (pre-AMO-miR-195) via a lentivirus (lenti-pre-AMO-miR-195); this knockdown increased the tau phosphorylation at Ser202/Thr205, Ser262, Thr231, Ser422, and the Cdk5/p25 activation, but over-expression of miR-195 using lenti-pre-miR-195 decreased the tau phosphorylation and Cdk5/p25 activation.
To perform its function, Cdk5 must bind to the neuron-specific regulatory subunit protein p35, which is beneficial for neuronal development (Tsai et al. 1994; Chae et al. 1997). However, truncation of p35 and conversion to p25 (Patrick et al. 1999) is found in the forebrain of rats after focal cerebral ischemia and in AD patients, and these alterations are deleterious to the brain
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If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.