bp(GO:"complement activation")
Hemolytic diseases are often accompanied by dysregulation and overactivation of the complement system [72–74], which may be induced by free extracellular heme [33,75–77] (Figure 3B). PubMed:26875449
The circulating MPs can internalize free heme and transfer it to vascular endothelium, promoting vaso-occlusion, or amplify systemic inflammation via thrombin mediated activation of the complement system [57]. PubMed:28458720
Activation of the complement system and the formation of MAC resulted in an increased membrane permeability and erythrocyte lysis. PubMed:27125525
In PNH, uncontrolled complement activity leads to systemic complications, principally through intravascular haemolysis and platelet activation. PubMed:25307023
Erythrocyte lysis after ICH can be mediated by the complement activation and formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which contains complement C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9 proteins (C5b– 9). PubMed:27125525
Activation of the complement system and the formation of MAC resulted in an increased membrane permeability and erythrocyte lysis. PubMed:27125525
It is crucial, hence, to further investigate the mechanisms of sepsis-induced hemolysis with the aim of deriving possible therapeutic principles. Herein, we collected the most important previously known triggers of hemolysis during sepsis, which are (1) transfusion reactions and complement activation, (2) disseminated intravascular coagulation, (3) capillary stopped-flow, (4) restriction of glucose to red blood cells, (5) changes in red blood cell membrane properties, (6) hemolytic pathogens, and (7) red blood cell apoptosis. PubMed:29956069
Indeed, the severe forms of malaria are associated with activation of the complement system [74]. PubMed:26875449
Activation of the complement system and the formation of MAC resulted in an increased membrane permeability and erythrocyte lysis. PubMed:27125525
Indeed, the severe forms of malaria are associated with activation of the complement system [74]. PubMed:26875449
Erythrocyte lysis after ICH can be mediated by the complement activation and formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which contains complement C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9 proteins (C5b– 9). PubMed:27125525
It is crucial, hence, to further investigate the mechanisms of sepsis-induced hemolysis with the aim of deriving possible therapeutic principles. Herein, we collected the most important previously known triggers of hemolysis during sepsis, which are (1) transfusion reactions and complement activation, (2) disseminated intravascular coagulation, (3) capillary stopped-flow, (4) restriction of glucose to red blood cells, (5) changes in red blood cell membrane properties, (6) hemolytic pathogens, and (7) red blood cell apoptosis. PubMed:29956069
Thus, the complement system may be causally involved in the onset of hemolysis during sepsis [74] by directly damaging the red blood cells upon activation as a result of detecting pathogen structures [73]. PubMed:29956069
Activation of the complement system and the formation of MAC resulted in an increased membrane permeability and erythrocyte lysis. PubMed:27125525
The circulating MPs can internalize free heme and transfer it to vascular endothelium, promoting vaso-occlusion, or amplify systemic inflammation via thrombin mediated activation of the complement system [57]. PubMed:28458720
Eryptosis is tightly regulated and triggered by a wide range of (endogenous) mediators and stimuli such as calcium signaling, ceramide formation, complement activation, energy depletion, eicosanoid release, hemolysin, and heme [140–142]. PubMed:29956069
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If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.