p(HGNC:BCL2L1)
The neuroprotective effects of nicotine are blocked by inhibitors of either PI3K or SRC family kinases, and nicotine evokes an increase in levels of phosphorylated AKT, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma (BCL2), and BCL-2-like protein (Shimohama and Kihara, 2001), which are further downstream in the PI3K/AKT pathway (Fig. 3). PubMed:19293145
It enhances the expression of anti- apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and down-regulates the expression of Bim, a pro-apoptotic factor, preventing programmed cell death. 90, 100 Estradiol also activates antioxidant systems to protect neuronal cells from apoptosis by upregulating the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. 101 PubMed:30444369
Recent evidence has cogently shown that Amyloid-β induces apoptosis in rat primary neurons and human post-mitotic neuronal cells by reducing Bcl-XL expression level and evoking the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in a NF-κB – dependent manner PubMed:28745240
Recent evidence has cogently shown that Amyloid-β induces apoptosis in rat primary neurons and human post-mitotic neuronal cells by reducing Bcl-XL expression level and evoking the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in a NF-κB – dependent manner PubMed:28745240
This is counter-intuitive as it is established that NF-κB positively regulates the expression of Bcl-XL and other members of the Bcl2 family PubMed:28745240
The anti-apoptotic effects of NF-κB have been ascribed to its ability to trans-activate the expression of a multitude of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bfl-1/A1 in the neurons of the amygdala, olfactory bulb, and the CA1/CA3 region of the hippocampus PubMed:28745240
Mechanistically, the Aβ induced neuronal apoptosis has been attributed to the increase in the ratio of proapoptotic gene (BAX) transcription to that of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-Xl, and/or to the reduction in constitutively activated NF-κB with consequent increase in the cytoplasmic IκB proteins PubMed:25652642
In metabotrophic glutamate receptor-5 (mGlu5) agonist pretreated primary cortical neurons or neuroblastoma cells, Aβ induced toxicity was suppressed by selective activation of c-rel containing NF-κB dimers and transactivation of anti-apoptotic genes, Mn-SOD and Bcl-Xl [26] (Figs 1B, 2A) PubMed:25652642
It enhances the expression of anti- apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and down-regulates the expression of Bim, a pro-apoptotic factor, preventing programmed cell death. 90, 100 Estradiol also activates antioxidant systems to protect neuronal cells from apoptosis by upregulating the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. 101 PubMed:30444369
Recent evidence has cogently shown that Amyloid-β induces apoptosis in rat primary neurons and human post-mitotic neuronal cells by reducing Bcl-XL expression level and evoking the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in a NF-κB – dependent manner PubMed:28745240
The anti-apoptotic effects of NF-κB have been ascribed to its ability to trans-activate the expression of a multitude of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bfl-1/A1 in the neurons of the amygdala, olfactory bulb, and the CA1/CA3 region of the hippocampus PubMed:28745240
In metabotrophic glutamate receptor-5 (mGlu5) agonist pretreated primary cortical neurons or neuroblastoma cells, Aβ induced toxicity was suppressed by selective activation of c-rel containing NF-κB dimers and transactivation of anti-apoptotic genes, Mn-SOD and Bcl-Xl [26] (Figs 1B, 2A) PubMed:25652642
BEL Commons is developed and maintained in an academic capacity by Charles Tapley Hoyt and Daniel Domingo-Fernández at the Fraunhofer SCAI Department of Bioinformatics with support from the IMI project, AETIONOMY. It is built on top of PyBEL, an open source project. Please feel free to contact us here to give us feedback or report any issues. Also, see our Publishing Notes and Data Protection information.
If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.