Equivalencies: 0 | Classes: 0 | Children: 0 | Explore

Appears in Networks 6

In-Edges 4

p(HBP:"Tau aggregates") association a(CHEBI:heparin) View Subject | View Object

In the case of soluble monomeric or small oligomeric tau protein, the endocytosis appears to be clathrin-dependent (reviewed in [169]). In contrast, larger aggregates of tau could bind heparin in the extracellular matrix and be internalized through macropinocytosis [170]. As a result of exocytosis and endocytosis, the spreading of tau can occur in various neurodegenerative diseases (tauopathies) including AD. Three plausible mechanisms of tau spreading are shown schematically in Figure 6. Additionally, it appea rs that microglial cells may facilitate tau propagation by phagocytosis and exocytosis of tau protein [171]. PubMed:26751493

Out-Edges 11

a(CHEBI:heparin) causesNoChange tloc(p(HGNC:MAPT, var("p.Pro301Ser")), fromLoc(GO:"extracellular region"), toLoc(MESH:Neurons)) View Subject | View Object

We confirmed that heparin within the aggregated tau preparations did not contribute to tau entry into neurons, finding that uptake of both monomeric and aggregated tau was unaffected in the presence of heparin (Figures S4C and S4D PubMed:29590627

a(CHEBI:heparin) causesNoChange tloc(a(HBP:"Tau aggregates"), fromLoc(GO:"extracellular region"), toLoc(MESH:Neurons)) View Subject | View Object

We confirmed that heparin within the aggregated tau preparations did not contribute to tau entry into neurons, finding that uptake of both monomeric and aggregated tau was unaffected in the presence of heparin (Figures S4C and S4D PubMed:29590627

a(CHEBI:heparin) decreases tloc(a(HBP:"Tau isoform F (441 aa)"), fromLoc(GO:"extracellular region"), toLoc(GO:intracellular)) View Subject | View Object

Consistent with our previous results, incubation with heparin, heparan sulfate, or 2-O-desulfated heparin reduced uptake of tau as quantified by the median 488 fluorescence intensity (Fig. 4d) PubMed:29686391

a(CHEBI:heparin) association p(HBP:"Tau aggregates") View Subject | View Object

In the case of soluble monomeric or small oligomeric tau protein, the endocytosis appears to be clathrin-dependent (reviewed in [169]). In contrast, larger aggregates of tau could bind heparin in the extracellular matrix and be internalized through macropinocytosis [170]. As a result of exocytosis and endocytosis, the spreading of tau can occur in various neurodegenerative diseases (tauopathies) including AD. Three plausible mechanisms of tau spreading are shown schematically in Figure 6. Additionally, it appea rs that microglial cells may facilitate tau propagation by phagocytosis and exocytosis of tau protein [171]. PubMed:26751493

a(CHEBI:heparin) increases p(HBP:"Tau aggregates") View Subject | View Object

Tau contains cysteine residues in the microtubule binding region following alternative splicing of exon 10, and formation of intermolecular cysteine disulfide bonds accelerates tau aggregation. 8-Nitro-cGMP (novel second messenger of NO) exposure induced S-guanylation of tau both in vitro and in tau-overexpressed HEK293T cells. S-guanylated tau inhibited heparin-induced tau aggregation (thioflavin T). S-guanylated tau could not form tau granules and fibrils (AFM) inhibited at the step of tau oligomer formation. In P301L tau-expressing Neuro2A cells, 8-nitro-cGMP reduced the amount of sarcosyl-insoluble tau. NO-linked chemical modification on cysteine residues of tau could block tau aggregation PubMed:27601475

Appears in Networks:

a(CHEBI:heparin) decreases a(HBP:"Tau aggregates") View Subject | View Object

To test whether HSPGs also mediate BD Tau seeding, we titrated heparin and sodium chlorate, which inhibited seeding of all species (Fig. 8D). PubMed:25887395

a(CHEBI:heparin) increases p(HGNC:MAPT, var("?")) View Subject | View Object

After 15 min of heparin exposure, we detected low but significant amounts of seed-compe- tent monomer, and much fewer larger assemblies (Figure 6A). PubMed:29988016

a(CHEBI:heparin) increases a(HBP:"Tau aggregates") View Subject | View Object

After 15 min of heparin exposure, we detected low but significant amounts of seed-compe- tent monomer, and much fewer larger assemblies (Figure 6A). PubMed:29988016

About

BEL Commons is developed and maintained in an academic capacity by Charles Tapley Hoyt and Daniel Domingo-Fernández at the Fraunhofer SCAI Department of Bioinformatics with support from the IMI project, AETIONOMY. It is built on top of PyBEL, an open source project. Please feel free to contact us here to give us feedback or report any issues. Also, see our Publishing Notes and Data Protection information.

If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.