p(HGNC:NFKB1)
NFT containing neurons upregulated genes involved in cell survival and viability, inflammation, cell cycle progression and molecular transport and downregulated apoptosis, necrosis and cell death pathways (Figure 1a). NFkB, a pro-survival master transcriptional regulator of inflammation, was the highest predicted upstream regulator of the NFT-gene expression profile. In agreement with inflammatory activation, other predicted upstream regulators included IFNG, TNF, TLR4, IL1B and CXCL1 (Figure 1b) PubMed:30126037
The expression of p65 and p50 is induced in response to long-term changes in synaptic strength and transmission such as LTP [39] and LTD PubMed:28745240
The expression of p65 and p50 is induced in response to long-term changes in synaptic strength and transmission such as LTP [39] and LTD PubMed:28745240
Further investigations confirm that the activation of p50 and RelA subunit contributes to the apoptotic program in cells exposed to the Aβ [17]. PubMed:27288790
Cell-free hemoglobin and its prosthetic group heme can contribute to organ dysfunction and death [1–4, 9–12]; the pathological mechanisms include nitric oxide consumption, vasoconstriction, oxidative injury to lipid membranes, activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, endothelial injury as well as iron-driven oxidative inhibition of glucose metabolism[10–14]. PubMed:29956069
Heme/TLR-4 signaling, moreover, was found to activate NF-κB and trigger vaso-occlusion [42]. PubMed:29956069
TLR4 activation leads to MAPKs and NFκB activation, which are necessary to TNF secretion. PubMed:24904418
The MyD88-dependent pathway leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factors inducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and KC (Takeuchi and Akira, 2010) PubMed:24904418
Moreover, human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells transfected with human TLR4 secretes IL-8 upon stimulation with heme (Piazza et al., 2011). PubMed:24904418
Only under protein-free conditions did we observe a limited heme-induced TNF-alpha response in cultured macrophages, which was triggered via signaling of the classical TLR4–MyD88–TRIF pathway of NF-kB activation.28 PubMed:29610666
Only under protein-free conditions did we observe a limited heme-induced TNF-alpha response in cultured macrophages, which was triggered via signaling of the classical TLR4–MyD88–TRIF pathway of NF-kB activation.28 PubMed:29610666
The transcription of pro-IL-1β is induced by the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), whereas pro-IL-18 is constitutively expressed and its expression is increased after cellular activation. PubMed:23702978
p50 knock-out mice exhibit deficits in late LTP resulting in compromised spatial memory PubMed:28745240
p50 knock-out mice exhibit deficits in late LTP resulting in compromised spatial memory PubMed:28745240
p50 knock-out mice exhibit severe deficits in learning as assessed by an active avoidance assay [93] in addition to displaying lack of anxiety-like behavior in well-established tests and paradigms that assess exploratory drive as a measure of anxiety PubMed:28745240
p50 knock-out mice exhibit severe deficits in learning as assessed by an active avoidance assay [93] in addition to displaying lack of anxiety-like behavior in well-established tests and paradigms that assess exploratory drive as a measure of anxiety PubMed:28745240
Further investigations confirm that the activation of p50 and RelA subunit contributes to the apoptotic program in cells exposed to the Aβ [17]. PubMed:27288790
TLR4 activation leads to MAPKs and NFκB activation, which are necessary to TNF secretion. PubMed:24904418
Only under protein-free conditions did we observe a limited heme-induced TNF-alpha response in cultured macrophages, which was triggered via signaling of the classical TLR4–MyD88–TRIF pathway of NF-kB activation.28 PubMed:29610666
Moreover, human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells transfected with human TLR4 secretes IL-8 upon stimulation with heme (Piazza et al., 2011). PubMed:24904418
Furthermore, cytokine secretion depends on the coordinated iron in the porphyrin ring (Figueiredo et al, 2007), and nuclear factor-jB (NF-jB), MAPKs activation and ROS are essential for the increase in cytokine production induced by haem (Fernandez et al, 2010). PubMed:25307023
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If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.