p(FPLX:HSPA)
The ATP-dependent chaperones are comprised of the 5 HSP90s, 17 HSP70s, 14 HSP60s, 6 ER-specific, and 8 MITO-specific Hsp100/AAA+ ATPases, respectively. PubMed:25437566
Among the genes that are repressed in both aging and AD, the HSP70- HSP40 system corresponds to 36% of the 58 genes (Table S3D). PubMed:25437566
Ranked by decreasing median aging correlation, the induction of sHSPs and TPR genes consistently ranked high and the HSP60s, HSP40s, and HSP70s were consistently repressed. PubMed:25437566
ATP hydrolysisis essential for the chaperone activity of HSP70 and HSP90, causing conformational changes that result in substrate binding (11). PubMed:25784053
Additionally, an investigation of chaperone and cochaperone gene expression in young (36±4 years of age) and aged (73 ±4 years of age) human brain tissue revealed that of 332 genes examined, 101 are significantly repressed with age, including HSP70, HSP40, HSP90, and TRiC genes (113). Furthermore, 62 chaperone genes, including several small HSPs, were found to be significantly induced, likely as a result of the cellular response to accumulating protein damage with age (113). PubMed:25784053
Cerebellar granular neurons were found to express high levels of HSP70 in response to mHTT expression but not mAtaxin-1. PubMed:25784053
Cerebellar granular neurons were found to express high levels of HSP70 in response to mHTT expression but not mAtaxin-1. PubMed:25784053
Furthermore, increased levels of HSP70 were found in the cerebellar cortex of human HD brain samples but not in tissue from unaffected individuals or from brains of PD patients (57). PubMed:25784053
One promising agent is the hydroxylamine deriva- tive arimoclomol, which increases the activity of HSP70 by augmenting transcriptional activity of HSF1 (REF.210) . PubMed:30116051
The HSP70 and HSP40 family members exhibit significantly altered expression dynamics during aging in the human brain, both being consistently repressed with age (Brehme et al., 2014). PubMed:27491084
Many studies based on model systems support a role for candidates from each of the major chaperome families; HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, sHSPs, and TPR-domain-containing proteins in proteostasis. PubMed:27491084
The HSP40, HSP60 and HSP70 families were amongst the most repressed chaperones, with HSP70s being the most repressed group overall. However, in contrast with the broad spectrum of repressed chaperone families, sHSPs and the TPR co-chaperone proteins were the only families that were significantly induced. PubMed:27491084
HSP40s play a fundamental role as part of the HSP70-HSP40 system, as co-chaperones, stimulating HSP70 ATP hydrolysis (Fig. 3) (Kampinga and Craig, 2010; Kakkar et al., 2014). PubMed:27491084
The co- chaperone HSP40 (dHdj-1 and SIS1) and the nucleotide exchange factor SSE1 that specifically modulate HSP70 activity were also shown to suppress toxicity and aggregation in yeast and fly disease models (Chan et al., 2000; Krobitsch and Lindquist, 2000; Sadlish et al., 2008). PubMed:27491084
Chaperones that function broadly in de novo folding and refolding (i.e., the chaperonins, Hsp70s, and Hsp90s) are ATP regulated and recognize segments of exposed hydropho- bic amino acid residues, which are later buried in the interior of the natively folded protein. PubMed:23746257
Chaperones that function broadly in de novo folding and refolding (i.e., the chaperonins, Hsp70s, and Hsp90s) are ATP regulated and recognize segments of exposed hydropho- bic amino acid residues, which are later buried in the interior of the natively folded protein. PubMed:23746257
Hsp70 chaperones are a ubiquitous class of proteins. They are involved in a wide range of protein quality control functions, including de novo protein folding, refolding of stress- denatured proteins, protein transport, mem- brane translocation, and protein degradation. PubMed:23746257
Hsp70 chaperones are a ubiquitous class of proteins. They are involved in a wide range of protein quality control functions, including de novo protein folding, refolding of stress- denatured proteins, protein transport, mem- brane translocation, and protein degradation. PubMed:23746257
Hsp70 chaperones are a ubiquitous class of proteins. They are involved in a wide range of protein quality control functions, including de novo protein folding, refolding of stress- denatured proteins, protein transport, mem- brane translocation, and protein degradation. PubMed:23746257
Chaperones that function broadly in de novo folding and refolding (i.e., the chaperonins, Hsp70s, and Hsp90s) are ATP regulated and recognize segments of exposed hydropho- bic amino acid residues, which are later buried in the interior of the natively folded protein. PubMed:23746257
Hsp70 chaperones are a ubiquitous class of proteins. They are involved in a wide range of protein quality control functions, including de novo protein folding, refolding of stress- denatured proteins, protein transport, mem- brane translocation, and protein degradation. PubMed:23746257
Hsp40 ( J protein) and NEF cochaperones regulate the Hsp70 reaction cy- cle (38, 100). PubMed:23746257
Hsp40 ( J protein) and NEF cochaperones regulate the Hsp70 reaction cy- cle (38, 100). PubMed:23746257
The ATP-dependent chaperones are comprised of the 5 HSP90s, 17 HSP70s, 14 HSP60s, 6 ER-specific, and 8 MITO-specific Hsp100/AAA+ ATPases, respectively. PubMed:25437566
The affinity of the polyglutamine fragment to Parkin was increased by Hsp70, in agreement with the hypothesis that molecular chaperones may play a role in the recruitment of misfolded proteins to the conjugation machinery (see, for example, Bercovich et al., 1997). PubMed:14556719
Overexpression of the chaperone HSP70 has been found to reduce aggregate formation and death in nonneuronal cultured cells expressing mutant SOD1 (Bruening et al.,1999). PubMed:14556719
Overexpression of the chaperone HSP70 has been found to reduce aggregate formation and death in nonneuronal cultured cells expressing mutant SOD1 (Bruening et al.,1999). PubMed:14556719
As such, HSP70 and HSP90 are central to the process of triaging proteins for refolding or elimination. PubMed:25784053
As such, HSP70 and HSP90 are central to the process of triaging proteins for refolding or elimination. PubMed:25784053
Furthermore, increased levels of HSP70 were found in the cerebellar cortex of human HD brain samples but not in tissue from unaffected individuals or from brains of PD patients (57). PubMed:25784053
Exercise training can increase extracellular Aβ clearance in the brains of Tg2576 mice in a dose-dependent manner through up-regulating NEP, IDE, MMP9, LRP1, and HSP70 (Moore et al. 2016) PubMed:29626319
Many studies based on model systems support a role for candidates from each of the major chaperome families; HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, sHSPs, and TPR-domain-containing proteins in proteostasis. PubMed:27491084
In a yeast model expressing the N-terminal fragment of a polyQ-containing huntingtin protein, overexpression of the yeast HSP70 (SSA1) reduced aggregate formation, whereas the dominant-negative version of the fly homolog to HSPA1L, Hsc4-K71S, enhanced neurodegeneration (Warrick et al., 1999;) PubMed:27491084
These studies revealed that an increase in levels of HSP70 reduced aggregation of disease-associated proteins, thus playing a neuroprotective role. PubMed:27491084
HSP70s function in a variety of basic cellular quality control and maintenance processes, such as proper folding of newly synthesized proteins, along with preventing protein misfolding and aggregation through the binding of exposed hydrophobic residues. PubMed:27491084
HSP70s function in a variety of basic cellular quality control and maintenance processes, such as proper folding of newly synthesized proteins, along with preventing protein misfolding and aggregation through the binding of exposed hydrophobic residues. PubMed:27491084
HSP70s function in a variety of basic cellular quality control and maintenance processes, such as proper folding of newly synthesized proteins, along with preventing protein misfolding and aggregation through the binding of exposed hydrophobic residues. PubMed:27491084
Multiple studies in model systems demonstrate that overexpression of HSP70 can reduce toxicity and protein aggregation. PubMed:27491084
Although HSP70 was not identified as a modifier of α -synuclein in the screen studies we selected, directed overexpression of HSP70 has been shown to reduce α -synuclein-related proteotoxicity, supporting a central role for HSP70 in diseases of protein misfolding (Auluck et al., 2002). PubMed:27491084
Multiple studies in model systems demonstrate that overexpression of HSP70 can reduce toxicity and protein aggregation. PubMed:27491084
Although HSP70 was not identified as a modifier of α -synuclein in the screen studies we selected, directed overexpression of HSP70 has been shown to reduce α -synuclein-related proteotoxicity, supporting a central role for HSP70 in diseases of protein misfolding (Auluck et al., 2002). PubMed:27491084
Chaperones that function broadly in de novo folding and refolding (i.e., the chaperonins, Hsp70s, and Hsp90s) are ATP regulated and recognize segments of exposed hydropho- bic amino acid residues, which are later buried in the interior of the natively folded protein. PubMed:23746257
Hsp70 chaperones are a ubiquitous class of proteins. They are involved in a wide range of protein quality control functions, including de novo protein folding, refolding of stress- denatured proteins, protein transport, mem- brane translocation, and protein degradation. PubMed:23746257
Chaperones that function broadly in de novo folding and refolding (i.e., the chaperonins, Hsp70s, and Hsp90s) are ATP regulated and recognize segments of exposed hydropho- bic amino acid residues, which are later buried in the interior of the natively folded protein. PubMed:23746257
Hsp70 chaperones are a ubiquitous class of proteins. They are involved in a wide range of protein quality control functions, including de novo protein folding, refolding of stress- denatured proteins, protein transport, mem- brane translocation, and protein degradation. PubMed:23746257
Hsp70 chaperones are a ubiquitous class of proteins. They are involved in a wide range of protein quality control functions, including de novo protein folding, refolding of stress- denatured proteins, protein transport, mem- brane translocation, and protein degradation. PubMed:23746257
Hsp70 chaperones are a ubiquitous class of proteins. They are involved in a wide range of protein quality control functions, including de novo protein folding, refolding of stress- denatured proteins, protein transport, mem- brane translocation, and protein degradation. PubMed:23746257
This approach is based on multiple lines of evidence demonstrating that overexpression of chaperones such as Hsp70 and Hsp40 prevents the aggregation and toxicity of huntingtin and α-synuclein (38, 231–234). PubMed:23746257
This approach is based on multiple lines of evidence demonstrating that overexpression of chaperones such as Hsp70 and Hsp40 prevents the aggregation and toxicity of huntingtin and α-synuclein (38, 231–234). PubMed:23746257
HSP70 chaperones have a diverse array of cellular functions but their major role is to ensure correct folding of newly synthesized proteins and to perform the refolding of proteins that are misfolded and/or aggregated. PubMed:24563850
HSP70 chaperones have a diverse array of cellular functions but their major role is to ensure correct folding of newly synthesized proteins and to perform the refolding of proteins that are misfolded and/or aggregated. PubMed:24563850
HSP70 chaperones have a diverse array of cellular functions but their major role is to ensure correct folding of newly synthesized proteins and to perform the refolding of proteins that are misfolded and/or aggregated. PubMed:24563850
HSP70 chaperones have a diverse array of cellular functions but their major role is to ensure correct folding of newly synthesized proteins and to perform the refolding of proteins that are misfolded and/or aggregated. PubMed:24563850
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If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.