a(CHEBI:sirolimus)
Genes in the mTOR pathway were also of specific interest because this pathway is inhibited by the immunosuppressant drug rapamy- cin via complex formation with FKBP1b/1a. PubMed:29255009
Treatment of cell, Drosophila, and mouse models of HD, SCA3/MJD, AD, PD, and ALS with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (or a derivative) reduces aggregation and suppresses disease (140– 143). PubMed:25784053
Treatment of cell, Drosophila, and mouse models of HD, SCA3/MJD, AD, PD, and ALS with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (or a derivative) reduces aggregation and suppresses disease (140– 143). PubMed:25784053
Treatment of cell, Drosophila, and mouse models of HD, SCA3/MJD, AD, PD, and ALS with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (or a derivative) reduces aggregation and suppresses disease (140– 143). PubMed:25784053
Treatment of cell, Drosophila, and mouse models of HD, SCA3/MJD, AD, PD, and ALS with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (or a derivative) reduces aggregation and suppresses disease (140– 143). PubMed:25784053
Treatment of cell, Drosophila, and mouse models of HD, SCA3/MJD, AD, PD, and ALS with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (or a derivative) reduces aggregation and suppresses disease (140– 143). PubMed:25784053
Treatment of cell, Drosophila, and mouse models of HD, SCA3/MJD, AD, PD, and ALS with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (or a derivative) reduces aggregation and suppresses disease (140– 143). PubMed:25784053
Treatment of cell, Drosophila, and mouse models of HD, SCA3/MJD, AD, PD, and ALS with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (or a derivative) reduces aggregation and suppresses disease (140– 143). PubMed:25784053
We treated these neurons with staurosporine, a broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis (Budd et al., 2000); rotenone, a complex inhibitor that induces mitochondrial dysfunction (Sherer et al., 2003); and rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway with many downstream effects (Li et al., 2014) PubMed:27594586
MMP-9/MMP-2 mRNA levels in tau-A152T and MAPT IVS10+16 neurons were significantly higher than that in control neurons (Figure S2J), and rapamycin increased these levels (p < 0.01) (Figure 3C) PubMed:27594586
MMP-9/MMP-2 mRNA levels in tau-A152T and MAPT IVS10+16 neurons were significantly higher than that in control neurons (Figure S2J), and rapamycin increased these levels (p < 0.01) (Figure 3C) PubMed:27594586
Enhancing auto- phagy with rapamycin reduced levels of α-synuclein, FUS and Htt 130–132 . PubMed:30116051
Enhancing auto- phagy with rapamycin reduced levels of α-synuclein, FUS and Htt 130–132 . PubMed:30116051
Enhancing auto- phagy with rapamycin reduced levels of α-synuclein, FUS and Htt 130–132 . PubMed:30116051
Enhancing auto- phagy with rapamycin reduced levels of α-synuclein, FUS and Htt 130–132 . PubMed:30116051
Stimulating autophagy either through serum withdrawal or rapamycin treatment in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing P301L tau that had been induced to aggregate led to substantial reduction in aggregates that was prevented by 3-MA (70). PubMed:24027553
Autophagy inducers, including rapamycin (Fig. 3A), facilitate the degradation of insoluble forms of tau and also protect against its toxicity in Drosophila (Berger et al., 2006). PubMed:23528736
A quite different strategy is to target tau clearance—e.g., by rapamycin that induces macroautophagy [175], inhibitors of Hsp90 chaperone protein that binds to misfolded proteins or by immunotherapeutic approaches [176]. PubMed:26751493
Wogonin, rapamycin, and temsirolimus have been considered to improve the activity of autophagy to increase Aβ clearance and inhibit tau phosphorylation via targeting mTOR signaling (Caccamo et al. 2010; Jiang et al. 2014c; Jiang et al. 2014d; Spilman et al. 2010; Zhu andWang 2015) PubMed:29626319
Wogonin, rapamycin, and temsirolimus have been considered to improve the activity of autophagy to increase Aβ clearance and inhibit tau phosphorylation via targeting mTOR signaling (Caccamo et al. 2010; Jiang et al. 2014c; Jiang et al. 2014d; Spilman et al. 2010; Zhu andWang 2015) PubMed:29626319
Wogonin, rapamycin, and temsirolimus have been considered to improve the activity of autophagy to increase Aβ clearance and inhibit tau phosphorylation via targeting mTOR signaling (Caccamo et al. 2010; Jiang et al. 2014c; Jiang et al. 2014d; Spilman et al. 2010; Zhu andWang 2015) PubMed:29626319
For instance, rapamycin, an inhibitor of the Ser/Thr protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), improves cognitive function and reduces Aβ in AD mouse model by enhancing autophagic flux [23]. PubMed:29758300
For instance, rapamycin, an inhibitor of the Ser/Thr protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), improves cognitive function and reduces Aβ in AD mouse model by enhancing autophagic flux [23]. PubMed:29758300
For instance, rapamycin, an inhibitor of the Ser/Thr protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), improves cognitive function and reduces Aβ in AD mouse model by enhancing autophagic flux [23]. PubMed:29758300
For instance, while accumulation of Aβ activates the mTOR signaling pathway and subsequently blocks macroautophagy, rapamycin reduces the Aβ load by enhancing macroautophagy [32] PubMed:29758300
For instance, rapamycin, an inhibitor of the Ser/Thr protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), improves cognitive function and reduces Aβ in AD mouse model by enhancing autophagic flux [23]. PubMed:29758300
For instance, while accumulation of Aβ activates the mTOR signaling pathway and subsequently blocks macroautophagy, rapamycin reduces the Aβ load by enhancing macroautophagy [32] PubMed:29758300
Protein clearance in animal models has been successfully demonstrated using several small molecules and drugs that enhance induction of macroautophagy reduces AD-relevant pathology, including rapamycin in 3xTGAD mice [32] and temsirolimus in P301S transgenic mice [156] and trehalose in APP/PS1 and P301S MAPT transgenic mice [157,158]. PubMed:29758300
Modulation of mTOR can influence the levels of tau, with upregulation increasing tau phosphorylation and accumulation by reducing autophagic clearance [87], and conversely, pharmacological treatment with rapamycin reducing tau levels and rescuing motor deficits in the Tau P301S mice [53] PubMed:29758300
Modulation of mTOR can influence the levels of tau, with upregulation increasing tau phosphorylation and accumulation by reducing autophagic clearance [87], and conversely, pharmacological treatment with rapamycin reducing tau levels and rescuing motor deficits in the Tau P301S mice [53] PubMed:29758300
Chronic low-level stimulation of autophagy through peripheral administration of rapamycin or other agents (Tian et al. 2011), or enhancing lysosomal proteolysis selectively (Sun et al. 2008; Yang et al. 2011), can markedly diminish Ab levels and amyloid load in APP transgenic mice, underscoring the importance of lysosomal clearance of Ab. PubMed:22908190
Consistent with these findings, rapamycin induction of autophagy reduces tau pathology in the triple transgenic AD-mouse model (Caccamo et al. 2010), whereas in other models, autophagic–lysosomal dysfunction amplifies tau pathology and tau neurotoxicity (Hamano et al. 2008; Khurana et al. 2010). PubMed:22908190
Consistent with these findings, rapamycin induction of autophagy reduces tau pathology in the triple transgenic AD-mouse model (Caccamo et al. 2010), whereas in other models, autophagic–lysosomal dysfunction amplifies tau pathology and tau neurotoxicity (Hamano et al. 2008; Khurana et al. 2010). PubMed:22908190
Peripheral administration of rapamycin to strongly stimulate autophagy substantially reduces amyloid deposition and tau pathology in both APPand triple transgenic mouse models of AD pathology (Caccamo et al. 2010; Spilman et al. 2010; Tian et al. 2011) PubMed:22908190
Peripheral administration of rapamycin to strongly stimulate autophagy substantially reduces amyloid deposition and tau pathology in both APPand triple transgenic mouse models of AD pathology (Caccamo et al. 2010; Spilman et al. 2010; Tian et al. 2011) PubMed:22908190
Pharmacological upregulation of autophagy can be accomplished using the drug rapamycin, which works by inhibiting TOR (target of rapamycin), a pleiotropic molecule that negatively regulates autophagy, among other functions PubMed:18930136
Pharmacological upregulation of autophagy can be accomplished using the drug rapamycin, which works by inhibiting TOR (target of rapamycin), a pleiotropic molecule that negatively regulates autophagy, among other functions PubMed:18930136
Indeed, treatment with rapamycin ameliorates the degenerative phenotype in a Drosophila model of SBMA, as well as in Drosophila and mouse models of Huntington’s disease [48,50,52]. PubMed:18930136
Indeed, treatment with rapamycin ameliorates the degenerative phenotype in a Drosophila model of SBMA, as well as in Drosophila and mouse models of Huntington’s disease [48,50,52]. PubMed:18930136
Again, rapamycin and rapalogs protect against toxicity produced by a number of misfolded proteins encompassing alpha synuclein, TDP43, and hyperphosphorylated tau PubMed:30061532
Again, rapamycin and rapalogs protect against toxicity produced by a number of misfolded proteins encompassing alpha synuclein, TDP43, and hyperphosphorylated tau PubMed:30061532
Again, rapamycin and rapalogs protect against toxicity produced by a number of misfolded proteins encompassing alpha synuclein, TDP43, and hyperphosphorylated tau PubMed:30061532
Again, rapamycin and rapalogs protect against toxicity produced by a number of misfolded proteins encompassing alpha synuclein, TDP43, and hyperphosphorylated tau PubMed:30061532
This is further supported by mounting evidence obtained in rodent models, which demonstrate that rapamycin normalizes impaired social interactions and reverses behavioral defects PubMed:30061532
This is further supported by mounting evidence obtained in rodent models, which demonstrate that rapamycin normalizes impaired social interactions and reverses behavioral defects PubMed:30061532
In fact, mTOR-induced autophagy inhibition exacerbates the ultrastructural effects of METH [126,134–136], while rapamycin administration reverts both behavioral and morphological alterations induced by METH [137]. PubMed:30061532
Likewise, rapamycin was found to be beneficial for ameliorating psychotic symptoms PubMed:30061532
These pieces of evidence corroborate findings showing that several autophagy inducers, such as lithium, rapamycin, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antipsychotic drugs are effective to treat psychosis including schizophrenia PubMed:30061532
Noteworthy, genetic ablation of autophagy was shown to produce an extremely powerful DA release upon electrical stimuli, suggesting that autophagy is key to restrain DA release both upon basal neural activity and mostly after rapamycin-induced autophagy PubMed:30061532
These pieces of evidence corroborate findings showing that several autophagy inducers, such as lithium, rapamycin, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antipsychotic drugs are effective to treat psychosis including schizophrenia PubMed:30061532
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If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.