bp(GO:"microglial cell activation")
Furthermore, it was demonstrated that AβO may not only injure the neurites of brain neurons, but also activate microglia and astrocyte response (Sondag et al. 2009). PubMed:29196815
LMW oligomers led to a decrease in the neuronal levels of β2ARs, activated brain microglia, and induced impaired hippocampal LTP in mice in vivo (Yang et al. 2017). PubMed:29196815
We did not detect any glia or microglia activation in WT-APP (Fig. 3C and F) compared with WT-GFP (Fig. 3B and E), meaning that the neuroinflammation does not play a role in the memory deficit we observed PubMed:27522251
The deposition of fibrillar Ab in the AD brain results in the recruitment of microglia to the plaques owing to their expression of CCL2, which acts to attract microglia [82]. PubMed:21718217
The development of dense-core amyloid plaques is associated with a robust immune response mediated by microglial cells. PubMed:21718217
The appearance of amyloid deposition in the AD brain coincides with a dramatic phenotypic activation of microglial cells in the surrounding area. PubMed:21718217
Indeed, treatment of AD mouse models with LXR or PPAR agonists has resulted in the suppression of microglial activation [44,45,47,59,63]. PubMed:21718217
Indeed, treatment of AD mouse models with LXR or PPAR agonists has resulted in the suppression of microglial activation [44,45,47,59,63]. PubMed:21718217
The deposition of fibrillar Ab in the AD brain results in the recruitment of microglia to the plaques owing to their expression of CCL2, which acts to attract microglia [82]. PubMed:21718217
a report by Hoffmann et al. showed that fibrillar a-syn induced a more pronounced inflammatory response in microglial cells [61]. PubMed:28803412
However, in a different report, oligomers were shown to activate proinflammatory signals in microglial cells in vitro and in vivo, and this was prevented by addition of a MAP kinase inhibitor [161]. PubMed:28803412
It is noteworthy that IL-1 beta and IL-18 can activate various cell types, par- ticularly astrocytes and microglia to induce additional cytokine release involving IL-1 beta , IL-6, and IL-18, and also nitric oxide (NO) synthase that can stimulate production of free radical NO, leading to the forma- tion of peroxynitrite that denatures DNA and impairs cellular energy pathways [48, 49]. PubMed:27314526
It is noteworthy that IL-1 beta and IL-18 can activate various cell types, par- ticularly astrocytes and microglia to induce additional cytokine release involving IL-1 beta , IL-6, and IL-18, and also nitric oxide (NO) synthase that can stimulate production of free radical NO, leading to the forma- tion of peroxynitrite that denatures DNA and impairs cellular energy pathways [48, 49]. PubMed:27314526
Interestingly, Tg PS1/APPswe mice treated with anata- bine at a dosage of 20 mg/Kg/Day, but not 10mg/Kg/day showed a significant reduction in Iba- 1 burden in the hippocampus compared to untreated Tg PS1/APPswe mice (Fig 5A and 5B), suggesting that anatabine suppresses microgliosis in the brain of Tg PS1/APPswe mice. PubMed:26010758
A significant increase in Iba-1 bur- den was observed in the cortex and hippocampus of Tg PS1/APPswe mice compared to their control wild-type littermates, suggesting increased Iba-1 immunopositive microglia in the brain of Tg PS1/APPswe mice (Fig 5A). PubMed:26010758
To investigate whether pathological Syk activation oc- curs in the brain of AD mouse models, we analyzed the brains of 116-week-old wild-type, Tg APPsw and Tg PS1/APPsw mice using high-resolution confocal micros- copy and immunofluorescence. All transgenic mice (Fig. 1b-e) exhibit an increased Iba-1 and GFAP reactiv- ity compared to wild-type littermates (Fig. 1a). Moreo- ver,wild-type some of the activated amoeboid microglia that are observed in transgenic mice are also strongly positive for pSyk (Fig. 1b-d). PubMed:28877763
To investigate whether pathological Syk activation oc- curs in the brain of AD mouse models, we analyzed the brains of 116-week-old wild-type, Tg APPsw and Tg PS1/APPsw mice using high-resolution confocal micros- copy and immunofluorescence. All transgenic mice (Fig. 1b-e) exhibit an increased Iba-1 and GFAP reactiv- ity compared to wild-type littermates (Fig. 1a). Moreo- ver,wild-type some of the activated amoeboid microglia that are observed in transgenic mice are also strongly positive for pSyk (Fig. 1b-d). PubMed:28877763
Furthermore, it disrupted the activity of NF-B, and thus, caused the suppression of NO synthase and inflammatory regulators such as IL-6 and IL-1, and the reduction of microglial activation [37] PubMed:29179999
The development of dense-core amyloid plaques is associated with a robust immune response mediated by microglial cells. PubMed:21718217
The appearance of amyloid deposition in the AD brain coincides with a dramatic phenotypic activation of microglial cells in the surrounding area. PubMed:21718217
It is noteworthy that IL-1 beta and IL-18 can activate various cell types, par- ticularly astrocytes and microglia to induce additional cytokine release involving IL-1 beta , IL-6, and IL-18, and also nitric oxide (NO) synthase that can stimulate production of free radical NO, leading to the forma- tion of peroxynitrite that denatures DNA and impairs cellular energy pathways [48, 49]. PubMed:27314526
It is noteworthy that IL-1 beta and IL-18 can activate various cell types, par- ticularly astrocytes and microglia to induce additional cytokine release involving IL-1 beta , IL-6, and IL-18, and also nitric oxide (NO) synthase that can stimulate production of free radical NO, leading to the forma- tion of peroxynitrite that denatures DNA and impairs cellular energy pathways [48, 49]. PubMed:27314526
It is noteworthy that IL-1 beta and IL-18 can activate various cell types, par- ticularly astrocytes and microglia to induce additional cytokine release involving IL-1 beta , IL-6, and IL-18, and also nitric oxide (NO) synthase that can stimulate production of free radical NO, leading to the forma- tion of peroxynitrite that denatures DNA and impairs cellular energy pathways [48, 49]. PubMed:27314526
It is noteworthy that IL-1 beta and IL-18 can activate various cell types, par- ticularly astrocytes and microglia to induce additional cytokine release involving IL-1 beta , IL-6, and IL-18, and also nitric oxide (NO) synthase that can stimulate production of free radical NO, leading to the forma- tion of peroxynitrite that denatures DNA and impairs cellular energy pathways [48, 49]. PubMed:27314526
A significant increase in Iba-1 bur- den was observed in the cortex and hippocampus of Tg PS1/APPswe mice compared to their control wild-type littermates, suggesting increased Iba-1 immunopositive microglia in the brain of Tg PS1/APPswe mice (Fig 5A). PubMed:26010758
To investigate whether pathological Syk activation oc- curs in the brain of AD mouse models, we analyzed the brains of 116-week-old wild-type, Tg APPsw and Tg PS1/APPsw mice using high-resolution confocal micros- copy and immunofluorescence. All transgenic mice (Fig. 1b-e) exhibit an increased Iba-1 and GFAP reactiv- ity compared to wild-type littermates (Fig. 1a). Moreo- ver,wild-type some of the activated amoeboid microglia that are observed in transgenic mice are also strongly positive for pSyk (Fig. 1b-d). PubMed:28877763
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If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.